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Bladder cancer is a malignant tumor (cancerous) that originates in the cells of the bladder, the organ that stores and releases urine. Usually, bladder cancer begins in the inner lining layer of the organ and grows into the bladder wall. The inside of the bladder is lined with a layer of cells called urothelial cells, and tumors can begin in these lining cells in any of the structures of the bladder.
Common symptoms of bladder cancer include blood in the urine causing it to discolor, painful urination, frequent urination, and feeling the need to urinate without passing liquid. These symptoms aren't definite indications of bladder cancer, as other illness may cause them. However, anyone experiencing such symptoms should see a physician.
Tests for bladder cancer may include a physical exam to feel for any tumors, laboratory examinations of urine, an intravenous pyelogram, or cystoscopy. Patients may receive one or all of these tests.
The main types of treatment for bladder cancer are surgery, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. Based on the stage of your cancer, your doctor may recommend one or more of these.
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